CAUSAL INTERACTION BETWEEN CORRUPTION AND TERRORISM: EVIDENCE FROM MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICAN COUNTRIES

Abstract

Corruption and terrorism are two prevalent characteristics of some developing and underdeveloped countries in the world. This article investigates the bilateral relationship between corruption and terrorism in 12 Middle East and North African countries over the 2007-2019 period by means of causality analysis. The findings of causality analysis revealed a bidirectional causality between corruption and terrorism in Jordan, a unidirectional causality from corruption to terrorism in Saudi Arabia and Tunisia, and a unidirectional causality from terrorism to corruption in Morocco and Yemen.