Relationship between CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Education in Turkey: Bootstrap Causality Analysis

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the causality relationship between energy consumption, education level and CO2 emissions. In this frame, Turkey? data are contributed to the analysis for the period of 1971-2010. Apart from previous studies causality relationship between primary, secondary, tertiary education level and CO2 is investigated separately. In this analysis critical value was used which obtain from bootstrap distribution as well. Findings indicate that there is not any causality between primary, secondary school enrolment and CO2 emissions, but causality relationship found which from tertiary school enrollment towards to energy consumption and CO2 emissions. In this sense high education can be effective instrument for politicians who conduct policy about environment and energy.