A REVIEW OF PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES

Abstract

When looking at its general characteristics, learning difficulty is defined as "experiencing difficulties in learning despite cognitive abilities being within or above normal limits." To elaborate on this definition, it refers to significant difficulties in acquiring and utilizing skills related to listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, and mathematics. The distinguishing feature in diagnosing this disorder is that it is observed in individuals with normal or above-average intelligence, often leading to the oversight or lack of recognition of these difficulties during the preschool period. Additionally, when describing learning difficulties, it is emphasized that there is a significant discrepancy in reading, writing, and mathematics compared to peers, which generally leads individuals to face challenges in the second and third grades of primary education. However, learning difficulty is not limited to deficiencies in reading, writing, and mathematics; it is a condition that affects all areas of an individual's life. Parents often sense that their children have some kind of difference, but due to not being able to precisely label it, they tend to postpone addressing the issue with the belief that it will eventually resolve itself. By conducting careful observations and seeking competent expert guidance, the behaviors noticed in children can help explain whether they are at risk for this disorder. Particularly, conducting studies targeting children with learning difficulties during the preschool period is of critical importance for early awareness. Based on this perspective, the aim of this study is to raise awareness among parents and all other education stakeholders by highlighting the causes, symptoms, and importance of early identification of learning difficulties in preschool children. A compilation has been made based on previous research on learning difficulties during the preschool period, and recommendations have been provided as the outcome of this study.