THE INTERACTION SHADOW ECONOMY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN BRICS COUNTRIES AND TURKEY: A PANEL CAUSALITY ANALYSIS

Abstract

The shadow economy is one of the common problems for the countries with different dimensions and leads social and economic costs for the societies. The study investigated the reciprocal interaction between shadow economy and economic growth in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) countries and Turkey over the 1991-2017 period through causality analysis with cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity. We revealed that one-way causality from shadow economy to the economic growth. Furthermore, a significant causality from shadow economy to the economic growth in South Africa and Russia, and a unilateral causality from economic growth to the shadow economy in China was revealed.