Europeanism, Eurasianism, Turkish Union and Turanism in the economic sense: Concept Development and Future Horizons

Abstract

Eurasianism is a political movement that has its origins in the Russian community in the 1920s. Turanism was born in the 19th century, in response to the growing influence of Pan-Germanism and Pan-Slavism, seen by Hungarians as very dangerous to the state and nation of Hungary, because the country had large ethnic German and Slavic populations. Political Turanism accentuated the importance of common ancestry and cultural affinity of the Hungarians with the peoples of the Caucasus, Inner and Central Asia, like the Turks, Mongols, Japans etc., and called for closer collaboration and political alliance with them, as a means of securing and furthering shared interests, and to counter the imminent threats posed by the policies of Western powers like Germany, the British Empire, France and Russia. Pan-Turkism is used to describe the idea of political, cultural and ethnic unity of all Turkic-speaking people. Turanism is a closely related movement but a more general term than Turkism, since Turkism applies only to the Turkic peoples. This paper will try to assess the economic outlook of the history and future horizons of theese three terms.