AN INTERRAGNUM PERIOD IN IRANIAN LITERATURE THAT NEVER BEEN ACCEPTED A REAL LITERARY STYLE: "THE LITERAL TURNABOUT MOTION OR BAZGESHT SCHOOL" (I)

Abstract

Bazgest is a period when Persian Literature strived for salvation and self-quests after a time that brought a style depression with it. After the magnificent period of Khorosan style evolved into a dervish lodge literature as a result of sorrows and constrains that Mongols had brought, poets that gave life to Persian Language and Literature again in Indian sphere developed a style called Hindi. In India, life of Mughal Emperors full of phantasms; and in Persia, palace life mixed with phantasms and aside from the real world determined in accordance with religious bigotry by Safavid rulers were the definitive drives for the style and form of these poets. At the end, very different from Khorosan style, deep phantasms, use of abstrusely delicate meaning and poetic themes with Arabic words, besides going far ahead with this turned literature into a medium of art. It only separated literature from people. Under the effect of such a mood, some Persian poets and writers sought for ways to restore the literature its original state. Nevertheless, as a result of both lack of experience concerning transformation and renaissance, and oppositions made by eminent literary men they decided to take the simple and plain Khorosan style by imitating early masters such as Rudaki, Farruhi, Firdavsi and Manochihri. Unaware of innovations and changes in Europe, Persian literature had continued to produce its literal works with this fake style called Bazgesht Movement or Bazgesht Ecole of Persian Literature for two hundred years approximately by the time constitutional period in 19th century.