WELL / PIT TAX RECEIVED FROM WEAVERS DURING THE PERIOD OF THE AKKOYUNLUS AND THE HASANKEYF WEAVING LOOM (CUME / CUBE EXAMPLE)

Abstract

Since the day mankind has existed, the need for protection, nutrition and shelter, as well as the need to cover, has taken its place among the most important indispensables as a necessity of instinctive and climatic conditions. As a natural consequence of this, although people met their need for shelter and nutrition against wild nature and climatic conditions, they also met their need for covering in a primitive way in the early times, but over time, they have developed their need for covering with the use of animal and vegetable raw materials with the development of tools and equipment. It can even be said that the need to cover up was the first instinctive need to be met. One of the first activities undertaken for this purpose was weaving. From the archaeological excavations; it is thought that the first looping and primitive weaving, which dates back to 5500 BC, started in Mesopotamia and its surroundings in Anatolia. In the course of time, weaving looms, which were previously used primitively, were developed over time. The looms and loom tools used in weaving have also changed in the historical process, and finally, in the last quarter of the 19th century, modern looms began to be developed. Although it is not known how long the cume / cube loom, which constitutes our subject, has been in use, it is understood from the loom pits that there were hundreds of looms in Hasankeyf in the mid-20th century. In the early 21st century, the use of the cume / cube loom weakened, but it continued to be used, albeit sporadically.